KB6NU's Ham Radio Blog

KB6NU's Ham Radio Blog

Building/Homebrew

What do you think of this artwork for the ham radio EMF Explorer

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Ever since I discovered the EMF Explorer I though it would make a good badge for amateur radio. It’s a simple circuit, it’s easy to build, and does something amusing and interesting. I actually built one about a month ago.

Since then, I’ve been talking with a couple of guys who are interested in doing the PCB layout for my ham radio version, and I have been working with an artist on the artwork design. Here’s what’s she’s come up with so far:

It might be a little busy, and it’s going to need some modifications to accommodate the vias and the component designators, but overall, I kinda like it. I would like to hear what you think about it, though. Please email me or leave a comment below.

Videos from Mastodon

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The other day, while reading Mastodon—which is kind of like Twitter for nerds—I came across a couple of videos worthy of sharing here.

The scariest chart in electrical engineering

Veritasium applies his tech explaining skills to one of the most misunderstood, but useful, design aids in amateur radio.

Whole Milk: Deep Machine Learning CW decoding demo on Windows

This is a demo of a new CW decoding application offering real-time full-band decoding of CW using deep-learning models and GPU- and NPU-accelerated waterfall and ML inference. The developer claims that, with a modern computer, it can decode all contest bands in parallel, and that there is no artificial limit on number of attached receivers.

And, since I always post three videos at a time, here’s a third that’s been lingering in a tab on my browser for a couple of weeks now.

The giant Collins HF discone antenna at the Titan Missile Museum

This is really an incredible antenna, and you really can drive right up to it and hook your rig to it. I like that KB9RLW explains how discones work in addition to talking about the giant discone antenna.

The EMF Explorer: A badge for ham radio?

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I’m not sure how I discovered the EMF Explorer, but building one has been on my list of things to do for years now. About eight months ago, I even purchased the parts to build several of them, but never got around to it. A couple of weeks ago, I read about a workshop at DEFCON to build one, but I found out about it too late, and I couldn’t sneak into the workshop. Last night, however, I finally built one.

What is an EMF Explorer? According to the designer, Darcy Neal—who describes themselves as a new media artist, cyborg, and educator—the EMF Explorer is an “electromagnetic frequency sensing circuit that lets you listen to the world of hidden electromagnetic frequencies all around you!” Here’s the scematic:

Schematic for the EMF ExplorerAs you can see, it’s a pretty simple circuit. The 100 mH inductors act as pickup coils, and the electromagnetic signals they pick up are amplified by the op amps and output to the headphone jack. To use it, you simply bring the coils close to something that you suspect is emitting electromagnetic waves, as shown in this video:

I’m not sure what all these sounds mean, but it’s been fun to wave my Explorer around at the various electronic devices and AC outlets in my home.

The Explorer shown in the video was made from a kit that you can buy from Make: magazine. It’s actually on sale now for $30. Since I had all the parts, I made my own:

Prototype electronic circuit.

Since this is just a prototype, I left off the power switch and LED. That’s why there’s no battery in the second battery holder. You might also notice that I used a 14-pin IC socket instead of an 8-pin socket. The reason for that is that is what I had in my junk box.

The prototype board is worth mentioning, too. I was originally going to build this on some perf board that I had, but in pawing through my junk box, I came across the Adafruit Perma-Proto Half-sized Breadboard PCB. Each row of holes on this board connect to one another, just like on a a no-solder prototype board.  Building a circuit on this board is much easier than if I had tried making it on a board on which I had to connect all the components myself. Adafruit charges $4.50 for this board, but, of course, you can get cheaper ones on Amazon.

A badge for ham radio?

One of the things that I’ve been impressed by in attending hacker conferences over the past three or four years are the badges. At DEFCON, there was even a Badge Life Village. Some of them are even useful. For example, the badge I got at KernelCon is a mini-weather station.

I think that ham radio is missing the boat by not having cool badges like this. So, what I’m thinking is that a version of the EMF Explorer could be made into a badge for Dayton 2027 (and/or other ham radio events).

To do this, I think we’d need two things:

  1. Artwork appropriate for ham radio
  2. A PCB design incorporating this artwork.

Anyone interested in helping me with this project? I think that I know enough about KiCAD to actually do the PCB design, but I wouldn’t mind having some help with that, and I certainly am not a good enough graphic designer to come up with some cool artwork. If you’re at all interested, please send me an email.

A thrift shop find

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My wife, Silvia, and I occasionally visit the Kiwanis Thrift Sale here in Ann Arbor. Over the years, I’ve purchased all manner of things there that have proven useful in my amateur radio operations.  I have purchased computer keyboards for $2, hand weights that I use to anchor the ends of my inverted-V doublet on POTA activations, and a roll of 300 Ω twinlead.

Cover of the book Allied's Radio-Formula and Data Book.
My latest Kiwanis Thrift Sale find cost me only 50 cents.

My latest purchase, as you can see from the photo at right is the 1953 edition of Allied’s Radio-Formula and Data Book. This little booklet contains a wealth of information, much of it still very useful, and it only cost 50¢! The table of contents list the following:

  • Bare copper wire table, which lists the dimensions, resistivity, and weight for copper wire from 1 gauge to 44 gauge.
  • Resistor and condenser color codes
  • Algebraic formulas, trigonometric relationships and a three-place log table. There were no electronic calculators back in 1953@
  • Decibel table
  • and much more

For example, on the page titled “Miscellaneous Formulas, there is a formula for calculating the capacitance of a vertical antenna shorter than a quarter wavelength. There is also a page for calculating the characteristic impedance, capacitance, inductance, and attenuation of two-wire, open-air transmission lines:

Page showing equations for calculating the characteristic impedance, inductance, capacitance, and attenuation of two-wire, open-air transmission lines.

Click here to download a scanned version of the book. It’s 35 Mbytes, so be warned that it could take some time to download.

 

Interesting battery failure

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My wife, Silvia, is a stickler for keeping the garage door closed, even if I’m just outside doing some gardening. So, I have a garage door control that I keep in my gardening toolbox, so that I can close the door when I’m outside and then get back in when I’m done.

The other day, the control quit working. That’s not unusual, really. The 9 V battery that powers the thing doesn’t last forever. In this case, though, I found it odd because I replaced the battery not long ago. That got me thinking that perhaps the electronics had gone bad somehow, and that I’d have to replace the control altogether. That could be a problem, since the garage door opener is so old. I’m not sure that I could get a replacement.

Anyway, last night I opened the case, and found the battery shown at right. Somehow, the negative terminal became disconnected from the battery. Very strange, no? I’ve never seen a battery fail this way.

I plan to send an email to Duracell and see what they have to say. I’ll update this post if I get a reply. If you have had a battery fail like this, or in some other weird way, please add a comment below.

How do we encourage more experimentation in amateur radio?

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WARNING: What follows is a partly-baked idea.
Please help me more fully bake it. 😀

In January, I hooked up again with Amateur Radio Digital Communications (ARDC), joining their Grant Evaluation Team (GET). Today at our GET meeting, we heard from ARDC’s board president, Bdale Garbee, KB0G, who spoke to us about ARDC’s values and  mission.

One of those values is encouraging experimentation. Experimentation is part of the fabric of amateur radio. Part 97.1 (b) notes that one of the bases and purposes of amateur radio is the “continuation and extension of the amateur’s proven ability to contribute to the advancement of the radio art.” Recognizing this, many of ARDC’s grants go to groups who are developing amateur radio and digital communications technology.

Many bemoan the fact that there isn’t much experimentation going on in amateur radio and that hams don’t build their own gear anymore. I’m not so sure that’s really true, though. There are lots of ongoing projects that are “advancing the state of the radio art.” The M17 Project and FreeDV are two projects that have been funded by ARDC grants. WSJT-X has been around a long time, but the developers are still pushing it forward. Commercially, QRP Labs and HF Signals are both developing interesting hardware and software. And, there are still some QRP clubs, such as the Four State QRP Group (4SQRP), CalQRP, and the Michigan QRP Club that promote home brewing and experimentation.

Perhaps what’s needed is something like “Experimenting 101 for Ham Radio Operators.” This would be kind of the opposite to what I’ve been doing lately, that is teaching ham radio to hackers.  This would be more along the lines of teaching hacking to ham radio operators.

Along those lines, here are some partly-baked ideas that have come to mind:

  • Is it possible to teach people how to become good experimenters? What are some of the characteristics of a good hacker?
  • Could we set up some kind of “ecosystem” to promote hacking in ham radio? I envision this ecosystem giving both financial and psychological support to ham radio hackers.
  • What do I mean about financial support? Well, inevitably hackers are going to blow things up at some point. Our hacker ecosystem could perhaps help soften the financial losses somehow.
  • What do I mean by psychological support? Having a hack go wrong can take a mental toll on a hacker. Our ecosystem would help the nascent hacker get over the disappointment and discouragement and get on with their hacking. I’m not sure how exactly, but providing some kind of support group would go a long way.
  • Parts of this ecosystem may already be in place in the form of makerspaces and public libraries. Maybe I could get an ARDC grant to develop this kind of class to be taught at one of the two makerspaces here in Ann Arbor.

As I say, these are partly-baked thoughts. Please comment if you have any thoughts about this.

From the trade journals: The rise and fall of Heathkit, Antennas 101, circular polarization

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The Rise and Fall of Heathkit

Steve Leibson begins this six-part series with, “If you came of age in the 1960s or 1970s and then later became an EE, chances are you’re more than casually acquainted with Heathkit. Many engineers started their budding careers by building one or more kits made by the Heath Company. I certainly did.”

Since this is a ham radio blog, I’d say, “If you came of age in the 1960s or 1970s and then later became radio amateur, chances are you’re more than casually acquainted with Heathkit. Many hams started their budding careers by building one or more kits made by the Heath Company. I certainly did.”

This is a remarkable series based on an interview with Chas Gilmore. Gilmore started as a design engineer at the Heath Company in 1966 and worked at the Heath Company on and off for more than two decades. He eventually became vice president of product development, marketing, and sales.

…read more

Antennas 101

Lou Frenzel, W5LEF (SK), was a prolific writer and editor. He was also a ham. Here, he explains antennas in way that we call can understand.

He writes, “Antennas are much more than simple devices connected to every radio. They’re the transducers that convert the voltage from a transmitter into a radio signal. And they pick radio signals out of the air and convert them into a voltage for recovery in a receiver.”

…read more

Understanding circular polarization

John Dunn writes, “An electromagnetic wave or signal traveling from “here” to “there” has an electrostatic field component that we call its E-field and whose direction we assign as the signal’s polarity. Often, the E-field is either vertical or horizontal as developed by a dipole structure or a ground plane antenna, but it can also be rotary which means it can be rotating around the signal’s axis of travel. The conventional terminology for that case however is not the word “rotary”, it is the word “circular”. We thus speak of vertical polarization, horizontal polarization, and circular polarization.”

I’m still not sure that I understand circular polarization after reading this article, but take a look for yourself.

…read more

 

 

Videos: QRP FT-8 Transceiver, vintage FD video, QSO with SV8ANW

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DX FT8: A QRPp, five-band, standalone transceiver

I recently swapped some email with a fellow who purchased a quantity of Tech study guides for a class he’s teaching (only $11/copy!). In addition to talking about the study guides, we got to talking about microcontroller projects. He wrote, “I assume you’ve seen the microcontroller based, standalone FT8 transceiver already, but if not it’s worth a peek: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8b2WOxESAVU.”

Well, I hadn’t heard of it, so I did give it a peek. The DX FT8  looks like a very cool project. If I didn’t already have a dozen half-finished projects already, I might give this one a go.

Vintage Field Day 1962

This video reminds me of the home movies that my dad used to take back in the 1960s. Instead of Christmas and birthday parties, however, these show hams setting up and operating on Field Day 1962. Like the video says, there are “lots of vintage ham radio equipment, antennas, portable generators (look at the size of that thing at the 6:00 mark!), baked beans, and radio fun.

Couple observations:

  • The participants seem to be, on average, younger than today’s FD participants.
  • Note that there are two hams per station, one operating and one logging on paper. We do this by computer now.
  • There was probably more cigarette smoking and beer drinking than you’d find at today’s Field Day operations.

KB6NU de SV8ANW

Shortly after working Dimitris (Jim), SV8ANW, he sent me an email with a link to a YouTube video of our contact. Notice that he has a very nice bug fist.

What CAD software do you use?

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Two rectangular pieces of blue plastic with holes in them.
I plan to use these 3D-printed end insulators on my POTA antenna.

On Sunday, I went down to the Ann Arbor District Library to attend their open 3D printing lab. I was kind of amazed. they had at least a dozen 3D printers.

I took with me an STL file that I’d downloaded from Thingiverse for an antenna end insulator. (They call it a dipole wire insulator.) I plugged in my USB drive, and about five minutes later, I had an end insulator. There were a lot of people there who wanted to print things, so they were telling people that they could only print one thing. Since mine was so small, though, they let me print another.

So, now I have to end insulators for my POTA antenna. Pretty cool.

I asked them what program they would suggest that I use to actually design something, and they gave me a link to TinkerCAD. I played around with TinkerCAD for a bit, and it seems capable enough for simple things. It was pretty simple to learn, but perhaps a bit too simple.

So, I started looking around for other free CAD software. One package I came across was FreeCAD. I downloaded it and played around with it a little. FreeCAD is certainly more full-featured, but a lot more capable, but a lot more complicated as well.

So, I asked my club’s members what they use. Here’s what they had to say:

  • Alibre
    • “That is what I used for the design of the antenna center that I printed for you.”
    • “I’ve used Alibre in the past and liked it.”
    • “There’s a free version of Autodesk Fusion 360 for personal use. “
    • “I think Fusion 360 is probably the most feature rich hobby level software. The value for the company here is that they want to hook you and convince you (or your employer) to start paying for server time to do stuff like generative modeling or CFD. They have tons of paid integration with industry level tools.”
  • FreeCAD
    • “I have worked a bit with an older version of FreeCAD.  A rather steep learning curve, with buggy behavior at times, but very powerful and of course, free.  I’m curious to see how well the new version 1.0.0 works.”
    • “I bounced around through a few apps before I landed on FreeCAD. There’s a few good tutorials on YouTube that help with the operation, and also the thought process behind designing parts.”
    • “I found FreeCAD so hard to use I set it down almost immediately.”
  • Onshape CAD
    • “Onshape is my daily driver. The full feature version is free as long as you don’t mind your designs being publicly visible and copy-able. Effectively you are paying for use by adding to their model catalog. Its in browser, so you never have to worry about losing your files.”
  • OpenSCAD
    • “If you want something with a 5-10 minute learning curve, try OpenSCAD.”
  • TinkerCAD
    • “I’ve heard TinkerCAD is great for simple things, but starts lacking when you get to complex geometry.”

As you can see there’s really no consensus. I guess that I’m just going to have to try them all and see which one I like best. What do you guys use?

Funk is German for radio

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“Funk” is German for radio, and I’ve been in a funk lately. That’s why it’s been so long since I’ve posted here. This happens to me every year at this time, when the days get shorter and darker. (Here’s an interesting tidbit of information: While the shortest day of the year is December 21, the sun sets earliest on December 8.)

Even though I’m in a funk, I thought I’d put a post together from some random thoughts and links. Here goes….

Project backlog

small radio
The QMX on my bench looks nothing like this………yet.

My lack of motivation has resulted in  a backlog of projects. First of all there’s the QRPLab’s QMX kit that is sitting on my workbench. After finishing the toroids, I decided to take a break, and I’ve just never gotten back to it. My goal now is to finish it be the end of February, so I’ll be ready to take it on POTA activations.

The lack of progress on this kit is not stopping me from getting started on other projects. The next new project on my list is the Pi-Pico RX. I’ve ordered the parts for this project, and am hoping to receive them soon, so I can get breadboarding.

I also ordered parts to build up the circuit for the EMF Explorer Badge. I like this project because it’s pretty simple to build, and eminently hackable. I would love to find someone that’s good with KiCAD to design a PCB with a ham radio theme and then maybe build and sell some of them at Dayton next year. If you’re interested, please get in touch.

More Pico

I went to a ham swap a week ago Sunday, and a guy I know was selling Raspberry Pi Picos, and I bought a Pico W for $12. It’s connected to this computer right now. I followed the Getting started with your Raspberry Pi Pico W tutorial on the Raspberry Pi website, and in about an hour, I had the Pico W serving a web page.

It was a fun little exercise. Now, I’d like to figure a ham radio application for this litte microcontroller. Maybe I could make a wireless remote-control for my transceiver. If you have a cool idea, let me know.

Social(?) media

cartoon of a man sending Morse Code
This is my icon on Mastodon and BlueSky.

So, I deactivated my Twitter account last week. I was kind of sorry about that as I had quite a few followers there, but it’s turned into such a pit that I felt it was the right thing to do.

Several months ago, I joined Mastodon several months ago. I’m @[email protected]. I currently have 632 followers there, and I think that’s pretty good.

I’ve been hearing all this stuff about BlueSky, though, so I decided to sign up there. I’m @cwgeek.bsky.social there. I just signed up and haven’t really participated much there yet, so I can’t really comment on how useful it is, but please follow me there, and I’ll follow you back.